Written by Christina Berg, PharmD; Chelsea Huppert, PharmD, BCACP; Aaron Brown, PharmD Those who remember the tedious process of pulling outdates in their local community pharmacy as a young intern may recall their first encounter with glucagon. Back in the pharmacy, likely in a corner on the bottom shelf, there resided a red plastic kit covered in dust that was almost always expired. If you were filled with curiosity, you may have asked your pharmacist what this was used for

Written by Alex Flores-Xie, PharmD Candidate 2026 and Adenike Atanda-Oshikoya, PharmD, BCACP, CDCES, CTTS HFpEF: A Growing Challenge Heart Failure (HF) is a heterogenous syndrome defined by structural or functional cardiac abnormalities impairing the heart’s ability to meet metabolic demands.(1,2) HF is classified by left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) into: HF with reduced EF (HFrEF, LVEF <40%), HF with preserved EF (HFpEF, LVEF ≥50%), HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF

Written by Braylee Wardwell, PharmD and Marissa Salvo, PharmD, BCACP, FCPA, FCCP What is Cirrhosis? Cirrhosis is a condition where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue. As cirrhosis progresses, scar tissue can block blood flow to the liver and cause liver failure.(1) Leading causes of cirrhosis include hepatitis B and C infections, excessive alcohol consumption, and metabolic dysfunction due to diabetes, obesity, hypertension or lipid disorders. There are two stage

Written by Qabas Al-Jobori, PharmD Candidate and Adenike Atanda, PharmD, BCACP, CDCES, CTTS   Drug-induced myopathy manifests as myalgia, muscle weakness, or, in severe cases , rhabdomyolysis following medication exposure. It may also present as asymptomatic elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK), with resolution achieved following the discontinuation of the offending agent.(1) While mechanisms such as direct myotoxicity and, more rarely, immune-mediated myopathy explain so

By Wiam Ouahab, PharmD Candidate 2025 and Helen Berlie, BHS, PharmD, BCACP Introduction Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is essential to...

By Sydnie Twillmann, PharmD Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonists have been making the headlines recently, for more reasons than one.  Over the past few years, due to both appropriate and inappropriate use, the demand for and use of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists have increased substantially, leaving drug manufacturers struggling to keep their supply sufficient to meet these incr

By Dallas Collins, PharmD Candidate 2024 and Adenike Atanda, PharmD, BCACP, CDCES, CTTS According to the CDC’s National Diabetes...

By Faith Spivey, PharmD Candidate 2024 and Adenike Atanda, PharmD, BCACP, CDCES, CTTS Type II diabetes (T2DM) in the United States...